<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="svg no-js">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <!--[if IE ]>
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1" />
    <![endif]-->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta name="Language" content="en">

    <title>MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 1.9.1 Contributors to MySQL</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/main-20190125.min.css" />
            <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/docs-20190125.min.css" />
    
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="css/print-20190125.min.css" />

    
    
    
    
            <link rel="contents" href="index.html" title="MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual" />
<link rel="start" href="index.html" title="MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual" />
<link rel="prev" href="credits.html" title="1.9 Credits" />
<link rel="next" href="documenters-translators.html?ff=nopfpls" title="1.9.2 Documenters and translators" />
<link rel="up" href="credits.html" title="1.9 Credits" />

    
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
    <script>(function(H){ H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js') })(document.documentElement)</script>
    <script src="js/site-20181120.min.js"></script>

    
    
    
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="https://labs.mysql.com/common/js/polyfills/html5shiv-printshiv-3.7.2.min.js"></script>
        <script src="https://labs.mysql.com/common/js/polyfills/respond-1.4.2.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
        <!--[if IE 9]>
        <style>#docs-sidebar-toc { box-sizing: content-box; }</style>
    <![endif]-->
    </head>

<body class="no-sidebar full-page dev">
<div class="page-wrapper">
    <header>

                        <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/" aria-label="Home" title="MySQL" id="l1-home-link"></a>
        
        <div id="l1-nav-container">
            <div id="l1-line1">
                <div id="l1-auth-links">
                    <a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/contact/"><b>Contact MySQL</b></a>
                    <span id="l1-contact-separator">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span>
                    <span id="l1-contact-separator-br"><br /></span>
                                             <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/auth/login/?dest=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.mysql.com%2Fdoc%2Frefman%2F8.0%2Fen%2Fcontributors.html">Login</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp;
                         <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/auth/register/">Register</a>
                                    </div>
                <div id="l1-lhs">
                    <div id="l1-slogan">
                        The world's most popular open source database
                    </div>
                    <div id="l1-search-box">
                        <form id="l1-search-form" method="get" action="https://www.oracle.com/search/results">
                        <input type="hidden" name="cat" value="mysql" />
                        <input type="hidden" name="Ntk" value="SI-ALL5" />
                        <input id="l1-search-input" type="search" class="icon-search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" name="Ntt" />
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div id="l1-line2">
                <div class="social-icons">
                    <a aria-label="Join us on Facebook" title="Join us on Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/mysql"><span class="icon-facebook"></span></a>
                    <a aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/mysql"><span class="icon-twitter"></span></a>
                    <a aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn" title="Follow us on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mysql"><span class="icon-linkedin"></span></a>
                    <a aria-label="Visit our YouTube channel" title="Visit our YouTube channel" href="http://www.youtube.com/mysqlchannel"><span class="icon-youtube"></span></a>
                </div>
                <ul id="l1-nav">
                    <li>
                        <a href="https://www.mysql.com/"><!-- <span class="icon-sakila"></span>  -->MySQL.com</a>
                    </li><li>
                        <a href="https://www.mysql.com/downloads/"><!-- <span class="icon-download-thin"></span>  -->Downloads</a>
                    </li><li class="active">
                        <a href="/doc/"><!-- <span class="icon-books"></span>  -->Documentation</a>
                    </li><li>
                        <a href="/"><!-- <span class="icon-code"></span>  -->Developer Zone</a>
                    </li>                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="sub-header">
            <div id="l2-nav-container">
                <div id="l2-nav-toggle">
                    <span class="icon-three-bars"></span>
                </div>
                                                                                        <a class="button nav-button-3" href="/"><span class="icon-code"></span> Developer Zone</a>
                                                                                                                                    <a class="button nav-button-2" href="https://www.mysql.com/downloads/"><span class="icon-download-thin"></span> Downloads</a>
                                                                                                <a class="button nav-button-1" href="https://www.mysql.com/"><span class="icon-sakila"></span> MySQL.com</a>
                                                                        <div id="l2-search-toggle">
                    <span class="icon-search"></span>
                </div>
                <div id="l2-site-icon">
                                                                                                                                                                                                    <span class="icon-books"></span>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        </div>
                <div id="l1-section-title">
                    <span id="l1-section-label">
                        <a href="/doc/">Documentation</a>
                    </span>
                </div>
                <nav>
                    

<ul id="l2-nav">
            	<li class="active"><a class="active " href="/doc/refman/en/">MySQL Server</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/index-enterprise.html">MySQL Enterprise</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/workbench/en/">Workbench</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/en/mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html">InnoDB Cluster</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/index-cluster.html">MySQL NDB Cluster</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/index-connectors.html">Connectors</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=" last"><a  href="/doc/index-other.html">More</a>
    			</li>
	                        <li class="other-section"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/">MySQL.com</a></li>
                            <li class="other-section"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
                                        <li class="other-section"><a href="/">Developer Zone</a></li>
            </ul>
                </nav>
            </div>
            <div id="l3-search-container"></div>
            <div id="top-orange"><span id="section-nav">Section Menu: &nbsp; </span></div>
        </div>
    </header>
        <div id="page">
                        <div role="main" id="main">

            
                
            
<div>
    <div id="docs-sidebar-toc" class="">
    <div id="docs-toc-inner">
        <div class="docs-sidebar-header" id="docs-nav-header">
            <a class="docs-show-hide-nav" id="docs-hide-nav" href="" title="Hide Sidebar" aria-label="Hide Sidebar"><span class="icon-arrow-small-left"></span></a>
            <div class="docs-nav-links">
                                    
    <a href="credits.html"
        aria-label="Previous" title="Previous: Credits"><span
        class="icon-chevron-left"></span></a>
<a href="index.html" aria-label="Start" title="Start"><span class="icon-book-open"></span></a>
        <a aria-label="Up" href="credits.html" title="Up: Credits"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span></a>
    <a href="documenters-translators.html" aria-label="Next"
        title="Next: Documenters and translators"><span
        class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
                            </div>
        </div>
                    
<div id="docs-sidebar-search-container">
    <div id="docs-sidebar-search-box">
        <form method="get" action="/mysql-manual/search-page">
            <input type="hidden" name="d" id="d" value="201" />
            <input type="hidden" name="p" id="p" value="1" />
            <input type="text" name="keyword" id="q" title="Search this Manual"
                value=""
                style="color: #bbb;"
                onfocus=""
                onblur="" />

            <button class="docs-sidebar-search-btn" aria-label="Search" title="Search" type="submit">
                <span class="icon-search"></span>
            </button>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>
                <div class="docs-sidebar-nav">
            <a class="docs-icon-home" href="/doc/"><span class="icon-home"></span>Documentation Home</a><hr />
            <div class="docs-sidebar-mtitle">MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual</div>
            <nav class="doctoc" id="doc-201">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="preface.html">Preface and Legal Notices</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-down"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="introduction.html">General Information</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="manual-info.html">About This Manual</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="manual-conventions.html">Typographical and Syntax Conventions</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="what-is.html">Overview of the MySQL Database Management System</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="what-is-mysql.html">What is MySQL?</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="features.html">The Main Features of MySQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="history.html">History of MySQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-nutshell.html">What Is New in MySQL 8.0</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="added-deprecated-removed.html">Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in
    MySQL 8.0</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="information-sources.html">MySQL Information Sources</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-web-sites.html">MySQL Websites</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="forums.html">MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-enterprise-information.html">MySQL Enterprise</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="bug-reports.html">How to Report Bugs or Problems</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="compatibility.html">MySQL Standards Compliance</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="extensions-to-ansi.html">MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="differences-from-ansi.html">MySQL Differences from Standard SQL</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="ansi-diff-select-into-table.html">SELECT INTO TABLE Differences</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="ansi-diff-update.html">UPDATE Differences</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="ansi-diff-foreign-keys.html">Foreign Key Differences</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="ansi-diff-comments.html">&#039;--&#039; as the Start of a Comment</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="constraints.html">How MySQL Deals with Constraints</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="constraint-primary-key.html">PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="constraint-foreign-key.html">FOREIGN KEY Constraints</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="constraint-invalid-data.html">Constraints on Invalid Data</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="constraint-enum.html">ENUM and SET Constraints</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-down"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="credits.html">Credits</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link current"><a href="contributors.html">Contributors to MySQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="documenters-translators.html">Documenters and translators</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="packages.html">Packages that support MySQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="tools-used-to-create-mysql.html">Tools that were used to create MySQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="supporters.html">Supporters of MySQL</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="installing.html">Installing and Upgrading MySQL</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs.html">MySQL Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="server-administration.html">MySQL Server Administration</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="security.html">Security</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html">Backup and Recovery</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="optimization.html">Optimization</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="language-structure.html">Language Structure</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="charset.html">Character Sets, Collations, Unicode</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="data-types.html">Data Types</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="functions.html">Functions and Operators</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="sql-syntax.html">SQL Statement Syntax</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="data-dictionary.html">MySQL Data Dictionary</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html">The InnoDB Storage Engine</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="storage-engines.html">Alternative Storage Engines</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="replication.html">Replication</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="group-replication.html">Group Replication</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-shell-userguide.html">MySQL Shell</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="document-store.html">Using MySQL as a Document Store</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html">InnoDB Cluster</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-cluster.html">MySQL NDB Cluster 8.0</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="partitioning.html">Partitioning</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="stored-objects.html">Stored Objects</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="information-schema.html">INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="performance-schema.html">MySQL Performance Schema</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="sys-schema.html">MySQL sys Schema</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="connectors-apis.html">Connectors and APIs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="extending-mysql.html">Extending MySQL</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html">MySQL Enterprise Edition</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="workbench.html">MySQL Workbench</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="faqs.html">MySQL 8.0 Frequently Asked Questions</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="error-handling.html">Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="restrictions.html">Restrictions and Limits</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="indexes.html">Indexes</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="glossary.html">MySQL Glossary</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </nav>
        </div>

        
<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-related"></span>
    <span class="text">Related Documentation</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian open">
    <div class="text">
        <a href="/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/">MySQL 8.0 Release Notes</a><br />
        <a href="/doc/dev/mysql-server/latest/">MySQL 8.0 Source Code Documentation</a><br />
        </div>
</div>

    <a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-download-thin"></span>
        <span class="text">
            Download
                            this Manual
                    </span>
    </a>
    <div class="docs-sidebar-accordian open">
        <div class="text">
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.pdf">PDF (US Ltr)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.a4.pdf">PDF (A4)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-pdf-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">PDF (RPM)</a>
            - 41.5Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.tar.gz">HTML Download (TGZ)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.zip">HTML Download (Zip)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-html-chapter-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">HTML Download (RPM)</a>
            - 9.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.tar.gz">Man Pages (TGZ)</a>
            - 220.4Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.zip">Man Pages (Zip)</a>
            - 325.8Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.gz">Info (Gzip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.zip">Info (Zip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                    </div>
    </div>

<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-book"></span>
    <span class="text">Excerpts from this Manual</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
    <div class="text">
                <a href="/doc/mysql-backup-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Backup and Recovery</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-g11n-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Globalization</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-infoschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Information Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-installation-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Installation Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-security-excerpt/8.0/en/">Security in MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-startstop-excerpt/8.0/en/">Starting and Stopping MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-linuxunix-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Linux/Unix</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-windows-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Windows</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-osx-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and OS X</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-solaris-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Solaris</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-sourcebuild-excerpt/8.0/en/">Building MySQL from Source</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-reslimits-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Restrictions and Limitations</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-partitioning-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Partitioning</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-secure-deployment-guide/8.0/en/">MySQL Secure Deployment Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-tutorial-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Tutorial</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-perfschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Performance Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-replication-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Replication</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/8.0/en/">Using the MySQL Yum Repository</a><br />
            </div>
</div>

        <br /><span id="wkr"><br /></span>
    </div>
    </div>

    <div id="docs-main" class="has-toc">
    <div id="docs-main-inner">

                <div class="right" id="docs-version-nav">
            <a href="" id="docs-version-nav-toggle">version 8.0
            <span class="icon-chevron-down"></span></a>
            <div id="docs-version-list">
                                                                                            <a                         href="/doc/refman/5.7/en/contributors.html">
                        5.7
                                            </a><br />
                                                                            <a                         href="/doc/refman/5.6/en/contributors.html">
                        5.6
                                            </a><br />
                                                                            <a                         href="/doc/refman/5.5/en/contributors.html">
                        5.5
                                            </a><br />
                                                                        <div id="docs-version-nav-lang">
                                                                                                                                                    <a                                     href="/doc/refman/5.6/ja/contributors.html">
                                    5.6&nbsp;
                                                                            Japanese
                                                                    </a><br />
                                                                                            </div>
                            </div>
        </div>
        
        <div id="docs-show-nav" class="left hidden" style="margin-right: 15px;">
            <a class="docs-show-hide-nav" href="" aria-label="Show Sidebar"
                title="Show Sidebar"><span class="icon-arrow-small-right"></span></a>
        </div>

                        <div id="docs-breadcrumbs">
            <a href="/doc/refman/8.0/en/">MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;
                            <span id="breadcrumbs-link"><a href="" id="show-breadcrumbs">...</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;</span>
                <span class="hidden" id="hidden-breadcrumbs">
                                                        <a href="introduction.html">General Information</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;
                                                            <a href="credits.html">Credits</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;
                                                                                        </span>
                                        Contributors to MySQL
                                    </div>
        
        <div id="docs-body">
        
<div class="section">

<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="contributors"></a>1.9.1 Contributors to MySQL</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm139663303492128"></a><p>
      Although Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates own all
      copyrights in the <code class="literal">MySQL server</code> and the
      <code class="literal">MySQL manual</code>, we wish to recognize those who
      have made contributions of one kind or another to the
      <code class="literal">MySQL distribution</code>. Contributors are listed
      here, in somewhat random order:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
          Gianmassimo Vigazzola <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:qwerg@mbox.vol.it">qwerg@mbox.vol.it</a>&gt;</code> or
          <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:qwerg@tin.it">qwerg@tin.it</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          The initial port to Win32/NT.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Per Eric Olsson
        </p><p>
          For constructive criticism and real testing of the dynamic
          record format.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Irena Pancirov <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:irena@mail.yacc.it">irena@mail.yacc.it</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Win32 port with Borland compiler.
          <code class="literal">mysqlshutdown.exe</code> and
          <code class="literal">mysqlwatch.exe</code>.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          David J. Hughes
        </p><p>
          For the effort to make a shareware SQL database. At TcX, the
          predecessor of MySQL AB, we started with
          <code class="literal">mSQL</code>, but found that it couldn't satisfy
          our purposes so instead we wrote an SQL interface to our
          application builder Unireg. <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqladmin</strong></span></a> and
          <a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="4.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client"><span class="command"><strong>mysql</strong></span></a> client are programs that were largely
          influenced by their <code class="literal">mSQL</code> counterparts. We
          have put a lot of effort into making the MySQL syntax a
          superset of <code class="literal">mSQL</code>. Many of the API's ideas
          are borrowed from <code class="literal">mSQL</code> to make it easy to
          port free <code class="literal">mSQL</code> programs to the MySQL API.
          The MySQL software doesn't contain any code from
          <code class="literal">mSQL</code>. Two files in the distribution
          (<code class="filename">client/insert_test.c</code> and
          <code class="filename">client/select_test.c</code>) are based on the
          corresponding (noncopyrighted) files in the
          <code class="literal">mSQL</code> distribution, but are modified as
          examples showing the changes necessary to convert code from
          <code class="literal">mSQL</code> to MySQL Server.
          (<code class="literal">mSQL</code> is copyrighted David J. Hughes.)
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Patrick Lynch
        </p><p>
          For helping us acquire <a class="ulink" href="http://www.mysql.com/" target="_top">http://www.mysql.com/</a>.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Fred Lindberg
        </p><p>
          For setting up qmail to handle the MySQL mailing list and for
          the incredible help we got in managing the MySQL mailing
          lists.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Igor Romanenko <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:igor@frog.kiev.ua">igor@frog.kiev.ua</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          <a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program"><span class="command"><strong>mysqldump</strong></span></a> (previously
          <code class="literal">msqldump</code>, but ported and enhanced by
          Monty).
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Yuri Dario
        </p><p>
          For keeping up and extending the MySQL OS/2 port.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Tim Bunce
        </p><p>
          Author of <span class="command"><strong>mysqlhotcopy</strong></span>.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Zarko Mocnik <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:zarko.mocnik@dem.si">zarko.mocnik@dem.si</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Sorting for Slovenian language.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          "TAMITO" <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:tommy@valley.ne.jp">tommy@valley.ne.jp</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          The <code class="literal">_MB</code> character set macros and the ujis
          and sjis character sets.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Joshua Chamas <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:joshua@chamas.com">joshua@chamas.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Base for concurrent insert, extended date syntax, debugging on
          NT, and answering on the MySQL mailing list.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Yves Carlier <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:Yves.Carlier@rug.ac.be">Yves.Carlier@rug.ac.be</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          <span class="command"><strong>mysqlaccess</strong></span>, a program to show the access
          rights for a user.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Rhys Jones <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:rhys@wales.com">rhys@wales.com</a>&gt;</code> (And GWE Technologies
          Limited)
        </p><p>
          For one of the early JDBC drivers.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Dr Xiaokun Kelvin ZHU <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:X.Zhu@brad.ac.uk">X.Zhu@brad.ac.uk</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Further development of one of the early JDBC drivers and other
          MySQL-related Java tools.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          James Cooper <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:pixel@organic.com">pixel@organic.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          For setting up a searchable mailing list archive at his site.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Rick Mehalick <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:Rick_Mehalick@i-o.com">Rick_Mehalick@i-o.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          For <code class="literal">xmysql</code>, a graphical X client for MySQL
          Server.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Doug Sisk <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:sisk@wix.com">sisk@wix.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          For providing RPM packages of MySQL for Red Hat Linux.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Diemand Alexander V. <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:axeld@vial.ethz.ch">axeld@vial.ethz.ch</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          For providing RPM packages of MySQL for Red Hat Linux-Alpha.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Antoni Pamies Olive <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:toni@readysoft.es">toni@readysoft.es</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          For providing RPM versions of a lot of MySQL clients for Intel
          and SPARC.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Jay Bloodworth <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jay@pathways.sde.state.sc.us">jay@pathways.sde.state.sc.us</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          For providing RPM versions for MySQL 3.21.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          David Sacerdote <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:davids@secnet.com">davids@secnet.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Ideas for secure checking of DNS host names.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Wei-Jou Chen <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jou@nematic.ieo.nctu.edu.tw">jou@nematic.ieo.nctu.edu.tw</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Some support for Chinese(BIG5) characters.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Wei He <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:hewei@mail.ied.ac.cn">hewei@mail.ied.ac.cn</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          A lot of functionality for the Chinese(GBK) character set.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Jan Pazdziora <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:adelton@fi.muni.cz">adelton@fi.muni.cz</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Czech sorting order.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Zeev Suraski <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:bourbon@netvision.net.il">bourbon@netvision.net.il</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          <a class="link" href="date-and-time-functions.html#function_from-unixtime"><code class="literal">FROM_UNIXTIME()</code></a> time
          formatting, <a class="link" href="encryption-functions.html#function_encrypt"><code class="literal">ENCRYPT()</code></a>
          functions, and <span class="command"><strong>bison</strong></span> advisor. Active
          mailing list member.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Luuk de Boer <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:luuk@wxs.nl">luuk@wxs.nl</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Ported (and extended) the benchmark suite to
          <code class="literal">DBI</code>/<code class="literal">DBD</code>. Have been of
          great help with <code class="literal">crash-me</code> and running
          benchmarks. Some new date functions. The
          <span class="command"><strong>mysql_setpermission</strong></span> script.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Alexis Mikhailov <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:root@medinf.chuvashia.su">root@medinf.chuvashia.su</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          User-defined functions (UDFs); <a class="link" href="create-function.html" title="13.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION Syntax"><code class="literal">CREATE
          FUNCTION</code></a> and <a class="link" href="drop-function.html" title="13.1.26 DROP FUNCTION Syntax"><code class="literal">DROP
          FUNCTION</code></a>.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Andreas F. Bobak <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:bobak@relog.ch">bobak@relog.ch</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          The <code class="literal">AGGREGATE</code> extension to user-defined
          functions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Ross Wakelin <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:R.Wakelin@march.co.uk">R.Wakelin@march.co.uk</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Help to set up InstallShield for MySQL-Win32.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Jethro Wright III <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jetman@li.net">jetman@li.net</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          The <code class="filename">libmysql.dll</code> library.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          James Pereria <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jpereira@iafrica.com">jpereira@iafrica.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Mysqlmanager, a Win32 GUI tool for administering MySQL
          Servers.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Curt Sampson <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:cjs@portal.ca">cjs@portal.ca</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Porting of MIT-pthreads to NetBSD/Alpha and NetBSD 1.3/i386.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Martin Ramsch <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:m.ramsch@computer.org">m.ramsch@computer.org</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Examples in the MySQL Tutorial.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Steve Harvey
        </p><p>
          For making <span class="command"><strong>mysqlaccess</strong></span> more secure.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Konark IA-64 Centre of Persistent Systems Private Limited
        </p><p>
          Help with the Win64 port of the MySQL server.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Albert Chin-A-Young.
        </p><p>
          Configure updates for Tru64, large file support and better TCP
          wrappers support.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          John Birrell
        </p><p>
          Emulation of <code class="function">pthread_mutex()</code> for OS/2.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Benjamin Pflugmann
        </p><p>
          Extended <code class="literal">MERGE</code> tables to handle
          <code class="literal">INSERTS</code>. Active member on the MySQL mailing
          lists.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Jocelyn Fournier
        </p><p>
          Excellent spotting and reporting innumerable bugs (especially
          in the MySQL 4.1 subquery code).
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Marc Liyanage
        </p><p>
          Maintaining the OS X packages and providing invaluable
          feedback on how to create OS X packages.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Robert Rutherford
        </p><p>
          Providing invaluable information and feedback about the QNX
          port.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Previous developers of NDB Cluster
        </p><p>
          Lots of people were involved in various ways summer students,
          master thesis students, employees. In total more than 100
          people so too many to mention here. Notable name is Ataullah
          Dabaghi who up until 1999 contributed around a third of the
          code base. A special thanks also to developers of the AXE
          system which provided much of the architectural foundations
          for NDB Cluster with blocks, signals and crash tracing
          functionality. Also credit should be given to those who
          believed in the ideas enough to allocate of their budgets for
          its development from 1992 to present time.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Google Inc.
        </p><p>
          We wish to recognize Google Inc. for contributions to the
          MySQL distribution: Mark Callaghan's SMP Performance patches
          and other patches.
</p></li></ul>
</div>
<p>
      Other contributors, bugfinders, and testers: James H. Thompson,
      Maurizio Menghini, Wojciech Tryc, Luca Berra, Zarko Mocnik, Wim
      Bonis, Elmar Haneke, <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jehamby@lightside">jehamby@lightside</a>&gt;</code>,
      <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:psmith@BayNetworks.com">psmith@BayNetworks.com</a>&gt;</code>,
      <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:duane@connect.com.au">duane@connect.com.au</a>&gt;</code>, Ted Deppner
      <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:ted@psyber.com">ted@psyber.com</a>&gt;</code>, Mike Simons, Jaakko Hyvatti.
    </p><p>
      And lots of bug report/patches from the folks on the mailing list.
    </p><p>
      A big tribute goes to those that help us answer questions on the
      MySQL mailing lists:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
          Daniel Koch <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:dkoch@amcity.com">dkoch@amcity.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Irix setup.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Luuk de Boer <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:luuk@wxs.nl">luuk@wxs.nl</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Benchmark questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Tim Sailer <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:tps@users.buoy.com">tps@users.buoy.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          <code class="literal">DBD::mysql</code> questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Boyd Lynn Gerber <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:gerberb@zenez.com">gerberb@zenez.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          SCO-related questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Richard Mehalick <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:RM186061@shellus.com">RM186061@shellus.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          <code class="literal">xmysql</code>-related questions and basic
          installation questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Zeev Suraski <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:bourbon@netvision.net.il">bourbon@netvision.net.il</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Apache module configuration questions (log &amp; auth),
          PHP-related questions, SQL syntax-related questions and other
          general questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Francesc Guasch <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:frankie@citel.upc.es">frankie@citel.upc.es</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          General questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Jonathan J Smith <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jsmith@wtp.net">jsmith@wtp.net</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Questions pertaining to OS-specifics with Linux, SQL syntax,
          and other things that might need some work.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          David Sklar <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:sklar@student.net">sklar@student.net</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Using MySQL from PHP and Perl.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Alistair MacDonald <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:A.MacDonald@uel.ac.uk">A.MacDonald@uel.ac.uk</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Is flexible and can handle Linux and perhaps HP-UX.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          John Lyon <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jlyon@imag.net">jlyon@imag.net</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Questions about installing MySQL on Linux systems, using
          either <code class="filename">.rpm</code> files or compiling from
          source.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Lorvid Ltd. <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:lorvid@WOLFENET.com">lorvid@WOLFENET.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          Simple billing/license/support/copyright issues.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Patrick Sherrill <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:patrick@coconet.com">patrick@coconet.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          ODBC and VisualC++ interface questions.
        </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
          Randy Harmon <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:rjharmon@uptimecomputers.com">rjharmon@uptimecomputers.com</a>&gt;</code>
        </p><p>
          <code class="literal">DBD</code>, Linux, some SQL syntax questions.
</p></li></ul>
</div>

</div>
<br />
        </div>

                <div id="docs-in-page-nav-container">
            <div id="docs-in-page-nav">
                
    <a href="credits.html"
        aria-label="Previous" title="Previous: Credits"><span
        class="icon-chevron-left"></span> PREV</a> &nbsp;
<a href="index.html" aria-label="Start" title="Start"> HOME</a> &nbsp;
        <a aria-label="Up" href="credits.html" title="Up: Credits"> UP</a> &nbsp;
    <a href="documenters-translators.html" aria-label="Next"
        title="Next: Documenters and translators">NEXT <span
        class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
            </div>
        </div>
        
         <div id="docs-body-extra">
             
<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-related"></span>
    <span class="text">Related Documentation</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
    <div class="text">
        <a href="/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/">MySQL 8.0 Release Notes</a><br />
        <a href="/doc/dev/mysql-server/latest/">MySQL 8.0 Source Code Documentation</a><br />
        </div>
</div>

    <a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-download-thin"></span>
        <span class="text">
            Download
                            this Manual
                    </span>
    </a>
    <div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
        <div class="text">
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.pdf">PDF (US Ltr)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.a4.pdf">PDF (A4)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-pdf-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">PDF (RPM)</a>
            - 41.5Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.tar.gz">HTML Download (TGZ)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.zip">HTML Download (Zip)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-html-chapter-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">HTML Download (RPM)</a>
            - 9.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.tar.gz">Man Pages (TGZ)</a>
            - 220.4Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.zip">Man Pages (Zip)</a>
            - 325.8Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.gz">Info (Gzip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.zip">Info (Zip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                    </div>
    </div>

<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-book"></span>
    <span class="text">Excerpts from this Manual</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
    <div class="text">
                <a href="/doc/mysql-backup-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Backup and Recovery</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-g11n-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Globalization</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-infoschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Information Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-installation-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Installation Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-security-excerpt/8.0/en/">Security in MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-startstop-excerpt/8.0/en/">Starting and Stopping MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-linuxunix-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Linux/Unix</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-windows-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Windows</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-osx-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and OS X</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-solaris-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Solaris</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-sourcebuild-excerpt/8.0/en/">Building MySQL from Source</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-reslimits-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Restrictions and Limitations</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-partitioning-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Partitioning</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-secure-deployment-guide/8.0/en/">MySQL Secure Deployment Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-tutorial-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Tutorial</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-perfschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Performance Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-replication-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Replication</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/8.0/en/">Using the MySQL Yum Repository</a><br />
            </div>
</div>
         </div>

              </div>
     </div>

</div>

<script>
$(function() {
    var doc = new $.doc({ 'mobile': $.browser.mobile, 'docId': 1, 'highlight': true });
});
</script>
    

            
        </div>
    </div>

    <footer class="collapsed">
        <div id="footer-bottom">
                                    <div id="footer-collapse">
                <a href="" id="expand-footer"
                    aria-label="Expand Footer"
                    title="Expand Footer"><span
                    class="icon-plus-square"></span></a>
            </div>
                        <div class="footer-contact">
                <div id="footer-contact-icon" style="display: none;">
                    <span class="icon-call-phone"></span>
                </div>
                <div id="footer-contact-numbers" style="display: none;">
                    <strong>Contact MySQL Sales</strong><br/>
                    USA/Canada: +1-866-221-0634 &nbsp;
                    (<a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/contact/phone/">More Countries &raquo;</a>)
                </div>
                <div id="footer-contact-copyright" style="display: inline-block;">
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/" aria-label="Oracle" title="Oracle"><span class="oracle-logo"></span></a>
                    &nbsp; &copy; 2019, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="social-icons">
                <a aria-label="Join us on Facebook" title="Join us on Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/mysql"><span class="icon-facebook-square"></span></a>
                <a aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/mysql"><span class="icon-twitter-square"></span></a>
                <a aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn" title="Follow us on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mysql"><span class="icon-linkedin-square"></span></a>
                <a aria-label="Visit our YouTube channel" title="Visit our YouTube channel" href="http://www.youtube.com/mysqlchannel"><span class="icon-youtube-square"></span></a>
            </div>
            <br class="clear" />
        </div>
        <div id="footer-links">

            <div id="footer-nav"></div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/">Products</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/cloud/">Oracle MySQL Cloud Service</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/">MySQL Enterprise Edition</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/standard/">MySQL Standard Edition</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/classic/">MySQL Classic Edition</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/cluster/">MySQL Cluster CGE</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/oem/">MySQL Embedded (OEM/ISV)</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/services/">Services</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/training/">Training</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/certification/">Certification</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/consulting/">Consulting</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/support/">Support</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/">MySQL Community Server</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/">MySQL NDB Cluster</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/shell/">MySQL Shell</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/router/">MySQL Router</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/">MySQL Workbench</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/">Documentation</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/">MySQL Reference Manual</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/">MySQL Workbench</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-cluster.html">MySQL NDB Cluster</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-connectors.html">MySQL Connectors</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/#topic">Topic Guides</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/">About MySQL</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/contact/">Contact Us</a></li>
                                                            <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/buy-mysql/">How to Buy</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/partners/">Partners</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/jobs/">Job Opportunities</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            
            <div id="footer-logo">
                <a href="http://www.oracle.com/" aria-label="Oracle" title="Oracle"><span class="oracle-logo"></span></a>
                &nbsp; &copy; 2019, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates
                <div class="footer-legal-links">
                    <a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/legal/">Legal Policies</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/us/legal/privacy/index.htm">Your Privacy Rights</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/us/legal/terms/index.html">Terms of Use</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/us/legal/third-party-trademarks/index.html">Trademark Policy</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/oca-486395.html">Contributor Agreement</a> |
                    <div id="teconsent" style="display: inline-block"><script async="async" type="text/javascript" src="js/notice.js" crossorigin=""></script></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </footer>
</div>

        <script src="js/s_code_remote.js"></script>

        
    
</body>
</html>
